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Air Transat Flight 236 was a transatlantic flight bound for Lisbon, Portugal from Toronto, Canada that lost all power while flying over the Atlantic Ocean on August 24, 2001. The Airbus A330 suffered a complete power loss due to a fuel leak caused by improper maintenance. Captain Robert Piché, 48, an experienced glider pilot, and First Officer Dirk de Jager, 28, flew the plane to a successful emergency landing in the Azores, saving all 306 people (293 passengers and 13 crew) on board. Most of the passengers on the flight were Canadians visiting Europe and Portuguese expatriates returning to visit family in Portugal.〔"Flying on Empty," ''Mayday''〕 The same aircraft was involved in an emergency landing at Dublin Airport on July 17, 2015, after smoke appeared in the cabin and forced the plane to divert. ==Incident== Flight TS 236 took off from Toronto at 0:52 (UTC) on Friday, August 24, 2001 (local time: 8:52 pm (ET) on Thursday, August 23) bound for Lisbon, Portugal. There were 293 passengers and thirteen crew members on board. The aircraft was an Airbus A330-243 registered as that first flew on March 16, 1999, configured with 362 seats and placed in service by Air Transat on April 28, 1999. It was powered by two Rolls Royce Trent 772B-60 engines capable of delivering 71,100lb thrust each. Leaving the gate in Toronto, the aircraft had 46.9 tonnes of fuel on board, 4.5 tonnes more than required by regulations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Accident Investigation Final Report - All Engines-out Landing Due to Fuel Exhaustion - Air Transat Airbus A330-243 marks C-GITS, Lajes, Azores, Portugal, 24 August 2001 )〕 At 05:16 UTC and more than 4 hours into the flight, a cockpit warning system chimed and warned of low oil temperature and high oil pressure on engine #2. There was no obvious connection between an oil temperature or pressure problem and a fuel leak. Consequently, Captain Robert Piché, who had 16,800 hours of flight experience,〔 and First Officer Dirk DeJager, who had 4,800 flight hours,〔 suspected they were false warnings and shared that opinion with their maintenance control center, who advised them to monitor the situation. At 05:36 UTC, the pilots received a warning of fuel imbalance. They followed a standard procedure to remedy the imbalance by transferring fuel from the left wing tank, to the near-empty right wing tank. Unbeknownst to the pilots, the aircraft had developed a fuel leak in a line to the #2 (right) engine. The fuel transfer caused fuel from the left wing tank to be lost through the leak in the line to the #2 engine. The fractured fuel line, which was leaking at about one gallon per second, caused a higher than normal fuel flow through the fuel-oil heat exchanger (FOHE), which in turn led to a drop in oil temperature and a rise in oil pressure for the #2 engine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Air Transat Flight 236: The Azores Glider )〕 At 05:45 UTC, the pilots decided to divert to Lajes Air Base in the Azores. They declared a fuel emergency with Santa Maria Oceanic air traffic control three minutes later. At 06:13 UTC, while still from Lajes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A330-243 C-GITS Terceira-Lajes AFB, Azores (LFB) )〕 engine #2 flamed out due to fuel starvation. Captain Piché then initiated a descent to , which was the proper single-engine altitude for the weight of the plane at that time. Ten minutes later, the crew sent a Mayday to Santa Maria Oceanic air traffic control. Three minutes later, at 06:26 UTC and approximately from Lajes Air Base, engine #1 also flamed out.〔 Without engine power, the plane lost its primary source of electrical power. The emergency ram air turbine was deployed automatically to provide essential power for critical sensors and instruments to fly the aircraft. However, the aircraft lost its main hydraulic power, which operates the flaps, alternate brakes, and spoilers. The slats would still be powered, however, when the flaps #1 position was selected. Military air traffic controllers guided the aircraft to the airport with their radar system. The descent rate of the plane was about 2,000 feet (600 metres) per minute. They calculated they had about 15 to 20 minutes left before they would be forced to ditch in the ocean. The air base was sighted a few minutes later. Captain Piché had to execute one 360 degree turn, and then a series of "S" turns, to dissipate excess altitude. At 06:45 UTC, the plane touched down hard, approximately past the threshold of Runway 33, at a speed of approximately , bounced once and then touched down again, approximately from the threshold. Maximum emergency braking was applied and retained, and the plane came to a stop from the threshold of that runway. Since they had lost the anti-skid and brake modulation systems, the eight main wheels locked up; its tires abraded and fully deflated within .〔 Fourteen passengers and two crew members suffered minor injuries, while two passengers suffered serious injuries during the evacuation of the aircraft. The plane suffered structural damage to the main landing gear and the lower fuselage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Air Transat Flight 236」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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